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Emotional Association
  • Emotional association: a product is used to symbolize such emotions as happiness or the feeling of success. Conversely, an ad can prompt negative emotions with the implication that the product is the solution. 

  • One highly visible example of this type is Disneyland, which Disney as branded as "the happiest place on Earth."  

 
Lifestyle Association
  • Lifestyle association: the branding of a product or company is associated with a larger lifestyle or persona.

  • Many lifestyle-type ads could arguably be emotion-association also; the difference is nuanced.  One way to look at it is to ask: Does the ad have a subject enacting the emotion that I associate with? or does the ad placement invite me to be the subject? Ultimately the lifestyle ads can be made up of emotional appeals, but seem to be more of a collection of ideas into a recognizable persona (the adventurer, the tough guy, the popular girl).

  • One way the lifestyle type is achieved is through the series of ads that follow a theme, especially those that define not the product but the consumer--creating a persona for their product.  One great example of this is the Apple user image (hip, creative, on the go, trendy) and how Apple has attempted to brand the Microsoft user (establishment, older, business-focused, slower).

  • You may ask: why is this important? Who cares if we associate with a branded lifestyle? The issues is one of identity--do we really want to be defined by inanimate products rather than the intangibles they are supposed to represent?  Are you "Apple" or are you creative? Are you "Ford" or are you strong? See the difference?

Product Description
  • Product information: an explanation of the features of the product and why a consumer should buy it. 

  • This type is often seen in locally-produced advertisements and ads for medication and health foods.

Example Ads

Note to teachers: not all ads presented here are appropriate for every grade level.
Shock Value

 

  • Shock value: the ad is offensive, gruesome, humorous, or absurd in an effort to gain attention.  

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